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Manufacturer: Elabscience

Activin and inhibin are two closely related protein complexes that have almost directly opposite biological effects. Activins, members of the TGF-beta superfamily, are disulfide-linked dimeric proteins originally purified from gonadal fluids as proteins that stimulated pituitary follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) release. Inhibins/activins are involved in regulating a number of diverse functions such as hypothalamic and pituitary hormone secretion, gonadal hormone secretion, germ cell development and maturation, erythroid differentiation, insulin secretion, nerve cell survival, embryonic axial development or bone growth, depending on their subunit composition. Activins are homodimers or heterodimers of the various beta subunit isoforms, while inhibins are heterodimers of a unique alpha subunit and one of the various beta subunits.

Manufacturer: Elabscience

Alpha-amylase is the major form of amylase found in humans and other mammals. Amylases are secreted proteins that hydrolyze 1,4-alpha-glucoside bonds in oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, and thus catalyze the first step in digestion of dietary starch and glycogen. Alpha-amylase hydrolyses alpha bonds of large, alpha-linked polysaccharides, such as starch and glycogen, yielding glucose and maltose. Amylases is widely expressed and is most prominent in pancreatic juice and saliva, each of which has its own isoform of human α-amylase. They behave differently on isoelectric focusing, and can also be separated in testing by using specific monoclonal antibodies.

Manufacturer: Elabscience

Glycolysis is an important ATP generation pathway in eukaryotic cells. Glycolytic stress testing can directly measure the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) to evaluate the changes of glycolytic process in living cells, and can obtain key parameters for a comprehensive assessment of glycolytic pathway, including: glycolysis, glycolytic capacity, glycolytic reserve and non-glycolytic acidification. This kit uses 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) and oligomycin to facilitate in-depth analysis of cellular glycolytic flux: 2-DG quantifies nonglycolytic extracellular acidification (ECA) by blocking glycolysis through competitive hexokinase inhibition; Oligomycin inhibits ATP synthetase and therefore prevents aerobic ATP production, forcing the cell to increase glycolytic flux to meet ATP demand. Such compensatory glycolysis levels achievable under the test conditions could reveal glycolytic perturbations that are not apparent under basal conditions and help assess glycolytic capacity with limited ATP demand.

Manufacturer: Elabscience

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is a high-energy phosphate compound, which is the most direct energy source in the body, and its content is directly related to the state of energy metabolism in the body. Hexokinase (HK) catalyzes the generation of glucose and ATP into glucose-6-phosphate, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) further catalyzes the dehydrogenation of glucose-6-phosphate into NADPH. NADPH can react with the color developer, and the product has a characteristic absorption peak at 460 nm to determine the ATP content.

Manufacturer: Elabscience

Under acid conditions, the oxidizing material in the sample can oxidize Fe2+ to Fe3+, which binds highly with xylenol orange to produce a blue-purple complex. When the pH of solution is in the range of 2-3, its maximum absorption wavelength is around 590 nm, and the color depth is proportional to the content of oxidation substances in a certain concentration and a certain time, so as to indirectly calculate the total oxidation state of the sample.

Manufacturer: Elabscience

Under the alkaline condition, the sodium tetraphenylborate reacts with the potassium ions in the sample to form the potassium tetraphenylborate which is white and small particles with small solubility. Potassium tetraphenylborate particles are in a stable suspension state in the solution. The turbidity is proportional to the potassium ion concentration in the sample and potassium content can be calculated indirectly by measuring the OD value at 450 nm.

Manufacturer: Elabscience

Reduced GSH can react with Dinitrobenzoic acid (DNTB) to form a yellow complex which can be detected by colorimetric assay at 405 nm and calculate the reduced GSH content indirectly.

Manufacturer: Elabscience

Total cholesterol includes free cholesterol and cholesterol esters. Cholesterol ester can be hydrolyzed by cholesterol esterase to produce cholesterol and free fatty acid. Cholesterol is oxidized by cholesterol oxidase to produce △4-cholestenone and hydrogen peroxide. In the presence of 4-aminoamylpyridine and phenol, hydrogen peroxide catalyze peroxidase to form red quinone compounds of benzoquinone imine phenizone.The color depth of the generated quinone is directly proportional to the cholesterol content. The absorbance values of the standard tube and the sample tube are measured respectively, and the cholesterol content in the sample can be calculated.

Manufacturer: Elabscience

Alkaline phosphatase decompose benzene disodium phosphate to produce free phenol and phosphoric acid. Phenol react with 4-aminopyrline in alkaline solution and oxidizes with potassium ferricyanide to form red quinone derivative. The enzyme activity can be calculated indirectly by measuring the OD value.