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Manufacturer: BT Lab

Major immune regulatory cytokine that acts on many cells of the immune system where it has profound anti-inflammatory functions, limiting excessive tissue disruption caused by inflammation. Mechanistically, IL10 binds to its heterotetrameric receptor comprising IL10RA and IL10RB leading to JAK1 and STAT2-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3. In turn, STAT3 translocates to the nucleus where it drives expression of anti-inflammatory mediators. Targets antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as macrophages and monocytes and inhibits their release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor /GM-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor/G-CSF, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha. Interferes also with antigen presentation by reducing the expression of MHC-class II and co-stimulatory molecules, thereby inhibiting their ability to induce T cell activation (By similarity). In addition, controls the inflammatory response of macrophages by reprogramming essential metabolic pathways including mTOR signaling (By similarity).

Manufacturer: BT Lab

Motor protein that converts auditory stimuli to length changes in outer hair cells and mediates sound amplification in the mammalian hearing organ. Prestin is a bidirectional voltage-to-force converter, it can operate at microsecond rates. It uses cytoplasmic anions as extrinsic voltage sensors, probably chloride and bicarbonate. After binding to a site with millimolar affinity, these anions are translocated across the membrane in response to changes in the transmembrane voltage. They move towards the extracellular surface following hyperpolarization, and towards the cytoplasmic side in response to depolarization. As a consequence, this translocation triggers conformational changes in the protein that ultimately alter its surface area in the plane of the plasma membrane. The area decreases when the anion is near the cytoplasmic face of the membrane (short state), and increases when the ion has crossed the membrane to the outer surface (long state). So, it acts as an incomplete transporter. It swings anions across the membrane, but does not allow these anions to dissociate and escape to the extracellular space. Salicylate, an inhibitor of outer hair cell motility, acts as competitive antagonist at the prestin anion-binding site (By similarity).

Manufacturer: BT Lab

Binds to the C-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen and enhances procollagen C-proteinase activity. C-terminal processed part of PCPE (CT-PCPE) may have an metalloproteinase inhibitory activity.

Manufacturer: BT Lab

Catalyzes the oxidation of the less abundant 1,2-dihydro-beta-NAD(P) and 1,6-dihydro-beta-NAD(P) to form beta-NAD(P)(+). The enzyme hormone is secreted by the kidney, and circulates in blood and modulates cardiac function and systemic blood pressure. Lowers blood pressure in vivo by decreasing cardiac contractility and heart rate and preventing a compensatory increase in peripheral vascular tone, suggesting a causal link to the increased plasma catecholamine and heightened cardiovascular risk. High concentrations of catecholamines activate plasma renalase and promotes its secretion and synthesis.

Manufacturer: BT Lab

This Sandwich kit is for the accurate quantitative detection of Human High Mobility Group Protein B1 (also known as HMGB1) in serum, plasma, cell culture supernatants, Ascites, tissue homogenates or other biological fluids.

Manufacturer: BT Lab

Pattern recognition receptor (PRR) located on the cell surface that participates in the activation of innate immunity and inflammatory response (PubMed: 11323673, PubMed: 18490781). Recognizes small molecular motifs named pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs) expressed by pathogens and microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) usually expressed by resident microbiota (PubMed: 29934223). Upon ligand binding such as bacterial flagellins, recruits intracellular adapter proteins MYD88 and TRIF leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and induction of the inflammatory response (PubMed: 20855887, PubMed: 11489966). Plays thereby an important role in the relationship between the intestinal epithelium and enteric microbes and contributes to the gut microbiota composition throughout life (By similarity).

Manufacturer: BT Lab

Participates in at least several B-cell activation processes as well as of other cell types (PubMed: 3016727). It is a costimulator of DNA-synthesis. It induces the expression of class II MHC molecules on resting B-cells. It enhances both secretion and cell surface expression of IgE and IgG1. It also regulates the expression of the low affinity Fc receptor for IgE (CD23) on both lymphocytes and monocytes. Positively regulates IL31RA expression in macrophages (By similarity). Stimulates autophagy in dendritic cells by interfering with mTORC1 signaling and through the induction of RUFY4 (By similarity).

Manufacturer: BT Lab

Secreted protein that acts as a key regulator of lysosomal function and as a growth factor involved in inflammation, wound healing and cell proliferation (PubMed: 28541286, PubMed: 28073925, PubMed: 18378771, PubMed: 28453791, PubMed: 12526812). Regulates protein trafficking to lysosomes and, also the activity of lysosomal enzymes (PubMed: 28453791, PubMed: 28541286). Facilitates also the acidification of lysosomes, causing degradation of mature CTSD by CTSB (PubMed: 28073925). In addition, functions as wound-related growth factor that acts directly on dermal fibroblasts and endothelial cells to promote division, migration and the formation of capillary-like tubule structures (By similarity). Also promotes epithelial cell proliferation by blocking TNF-mediated neutrophil activation preventing release of oxidants and proteases (PubMed: 12526812). Moreover, modulates inflammation in neurons by preserving neurons survival, axonal outgrowth and neuronal integrity (PubMed: 18378771). [Granulin-4]: Promotes proliferation of the epithelial cell line A431 in culture. [Granulin-3]: Inhibits epithelial cell proliferation and induces epithelial cells to secrete IL-8. [Granulin-7]: Stabilizes CTSD through interaction with CTSD leading to maintain its aspartic-type peptidase activity.

Manufacturer: BT Lab

This Sandwich kit is for the accurate quantitative detection of Human Transforming Growth Factor beta1 (also known as TGFB1) in serum, plasma, cell culture supernatants, Ascites, tissue homogenates or other biological fluids.