Rat Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor B (VEGF-B) ELISA Kit

Manufacturer: Jonlnbio

Interferon gamma (IFNG or IFN-γ) is a dimerized soluble cytokine that is the only member of the type II class of interferons.The existence of this interferon, which early in its history was known as immune interferon, was described by E. F. Wheelock as a product of human leukocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin, and by others as a product of antigen-stimulated lymphocytes.The IFNG protein is encoded by the IFNG gene.Through cell signaling, interferon gamma plays a role in regulating the immune response of its target cell.A key signaling pathway that is activated by type II IFN is the JAK-STAT signaling pathway.IFNG plays an important role in both innate and adaptive immunity.

Manufacturer: Jonlnbio

Angiotensinogen is an alpha-2-globulin synthesized in the liver that is a precursor to angiotensin, but has also been noted to have many other effects unrelated to angiotensin peptides.It is a member of the serotonin family and has another name: serum protein A8, but it is not known to inhibit other enzymes like most serotonins.Angiotensinogen is also known as a renin substrate.It is cleaved by renin at the N-terminus to produce angiotensin I, which is subsequently modified to angiotensin II. The peptide is 485 amino acids long, and when renin acts on it, the N-terminal 10 amino acids are cleaved.Plasma angiotensinogen levels are increased by plasma corticosterone, estrogen, thyroid hormone, and angiotensin II levels.

Manufacturer: Jonlnbio

This kit recognizes Mouse NAG in samples. No significant cross-reactivity or interference between Mouse NAG and analogues was observed.

Manufacturer: Jonlnbio

Galectin-4 is a protein that is encoded by the LGALS4 gene.The galectins are a family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins implicated in modulating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. LGALS4 is an S-type lectin that is strongly underexpressed in colorectal cancer. The 323-amino acid LGALS4 protein contains two homologous, approximately 150-amino acid carbohydrate recognition domains and all amino acids typically conserved in galectins.

Manufacturer: Jonlnbio

Galectin-7 is a protein that is encoded by the LGALS7 gene.The galectins are a family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins implicated in modulating cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions. Differential and in situ hybridizations indicate that this lectin is specifically expressed in keratinocytes. It is expressed at all stages of epidermal differentiation (i.e., in basal and suprabasal layers). It is moderately repressed by retinoic acid. The protein was found mainly in stratified squamous epithelium. The antigen localized to basal keratinocytes, although it was also found, albeit at lower levels, in the suprabasal layers where it concentrated to areas of cell-to-cell contact.

Manufacturer: Jonlnbio

Granulysin (GNLY) is a protein expressed in most mammals which functions as an antimicrobial peptide released by killer lymphocytes in cytotoxic granules.It is a pore-forming peptide, as it can puncture a microbial cell wall, allowing for other death-inducing enzymes to enter the microbe and cause microptosis.GNLY is inhibited by cholesterol, and is most effective in helping to kill cholesterol-deficient microbes.

Manufacturer: Jonlnbio

Milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 protein (Mfge8), also known as lactadherin, is a protein that is encoded by the MFGE8 gene.MFGE8 may function as a cell adhesion protein to connect smooth muscle to elastic fibers in arteries. An amyloid fragment of MFGE8 known as medin accumulates in the aorta with aging.[8] MFGE8 in the vasculature of adults can induce recovery from ischemia by facilitating angiogenesis. It has been suggested that antagonizing MFGE8-induced angiogenesis could be a way of fighting cancer.

Manufacturer: Jonlnbio

Metallothionein (MT) is a family of cysteine-rich, low molecular weight (MW ranging from 500 to 14000 Da) proteins. They are localized to the membrane of the Golgi apparatus. MTs have the capacity to bind both physiological (such as zinc, copper, selenium) and xenobiotic (such as cadmium, mercury, silver, arsenic, lead) heavy metals through the thiol group of its cysteine residues, which represent nearly 30% of its constituent amino acid residues.There are four main isoforms expressed (family 1, see chart below): MT1 (subtypes A, B, E, F, G, H, L, M, X), MT2, MT3, and MT4.

Manufacturer: Jonlnbio

Mucin-17 is a protein that is encoded by the MUC17 gene.Membrane mucins, such as MUC17, function in epithelial cells to provide cytoprotection, maintain luminal structure, provide signal transduction, and confer antiadhesive properties upon cancer cells that lose their apical/basal polarization.

Manufacturer: Jonlnbio

Mucin-5AC (MUC-5AC) is a protein that is encoded by the MUC5AC gene.MUC-5AC is a large gel-forming glycoprotein. In the respiratory tract, it protects against infection by binding to inhaled pathogens, which are subsequently removed by mucociliary clearance. Overproduction of MUC-5AC can contribute to diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and has also been associated with greater protection against influenza infection.

Manufacturer: Jonlnbio

Olfactomedin 4 is a protein that is encoded by the OLFM4 gene.Thisgenewasoriginally cloned from human myeloblasts and found to be selectivelyexpressedininflamed colonic epithelium. This gene encodes a member of the olfactomedinfamily. The encoded protein is an antiapoptotic factor that promotes tumorgrowthand is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that facilitates cell adhesion.

Manufacturer: Jonlnbio

Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1, is a protein thatis encoded by the RAC1 gene. This gene can produce a variety of alternatively spliced versions of the Rac1 protein, which appear to carry out different functions.Rac1 is a small (~21 kDa) signalling G protein (more specifically a GTPase), and is a member of the Rac subfamily of the family Rho family of GTPases. Members of this superfamily appear to regulate a diverse array of cellular events, including the control of GLUT4 translocation to glucose uptake, cell growth, cytoskeletal reorganization, antimicrobial cytotoxicity, and the activation of protein kinases.

Manufacturer: Jonlnbio

Transforming protein RhoA, also known as Ras homolog family member A (RhoA), is a small GTPase protein in the Rho family of GTPases that in humans is encoded by the RHOA gene.[5] While the effects of RhoA activity are not all well known, it is primarily associated with cytoskeleton regulation, mostly actin stress fibers formation and actomyosin contractility. It acts upon several effectors. Among them, ROCK1 (Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1) and DIAPH1 (Diaphanous Homologue 1, a.k.a. hDia1, homologue to mDia1 in mouse, diaphanous in Drosophila) are the best described.

Manufacturer: Jonlnbio

Serpin B3 is a protein that is encoded by the SERPINB3 gene.Enables cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity; protease binding activity; and virus receptor activity. Involved in several processes, including autocrine signaling; paracrine signaling; and regulation of cellular protein metabolic process. Located in cytoplasmic vesicle; extracellular exosome; and nucleus.SERPINB3 is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with SERPINB3 include Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Among its related pathways are Innate Immune System and Pancreatic cancer subtypes.

Manufacturer: Jonlnbio

Syndecan-3 is a protein that is encoded by the SDC3 gene.The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the syndecan proteoglycan family. It may play a role in the organization of cell shape by affecting the actin cytoskeleton, possibly by transferring signals from the cell surface in a sugar-dependent mechanism. Allelic variants of this gene have been associated with obesity.

Manufacturer: Jonlnbio

Syntenin-2 is a protein that is encoded by the SDCBP2 gene.The protein encoded by this gene contains two class II PDZ domains. PDZ domains facilitate protein-protein interactions by binding to the cytoplasmic C-terminus of transmembrane proteins, and PDZ-containing proteins mediate cell signaling and the organization of protein complexes. The encoded protein binds to phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and plays a role in nuclear PIP2 organization and cell division. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene.

Manufacturer: Jonlnbio

Survivin, also called baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing 5 or BIRC5, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the BIRC5 gene.Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family. The survivin protein functions to inhibit caspase activation, thereby leading to negative regulation of apoptosis or programmed cell death. This has been shown by disruption of survivin induction pathways leading to increase in apoptosis and decrease in tumour growth.

Manufacturer: Jonlnbio

P53, also known as Tumor protein P53, cellular tumor antigen p53 (UniProt name), or transformation-related protein 53 (TRP53) is a regulatory protein that is often mutated in cancers. The p53 proteins (originally thought to be, and often spoken of as, a single protein) are crucial in vertebrates, where they prevent cancer formation.As such, p53 has been described as "the guardian of the genome" because of its role in conserving stability by preventing genome mutation.Hence TP53 is classified as a tumor suppressor gene.

Manufacturer: Jonlnbio

S100 calcium-binding protein P (S100P) is a protein that is encoded by the S100P gene.The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells, and involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. S100 genes include at least 13 members which are located as a cluster on chromosome 1q21; however, this gene is located at 4p16. This protein, in addition to binding Ca2+, also binds Zn2+ and Mg2+. This protein may play a role in the etiology of prostate cancer.

Manufacturer: Jonlnbio

Tumor suppressor p53-binding protein 1 also known as p53-binding protein 1 or 53BP1 is a protein that is encoded by the TP53BP1 gene.DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are cytotoxic damages that can be repaired either by the homologous recombinational repair (HR) pathway or by the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway. NHEJ, although faster than HR, is less accurate. The early divergent step between the two pathways is end resection, and this step is regulated by numerous factors. In particular, BRCA1 and 53BP1 play a role in determining the balance between the two pathways.

Manufacturer: Jonlnbio

Vascular endothelial growth factor B also known as VEGF-B is a protein that is encoded by the VEGF-B gene. VEGF-B is a growth factor that belongs to the vascular endothelial growth factor family, of which VEGF-A is the best-known member.In contrast to VEGF-A, VEGF-B plays a less pronounced role in the vascular system: Whereas VEGF-A is important for the formation of blood vessels, such as during development or in pathological conditions, VEGF-B seems to play a role only in the maintenance of newly formed blood vessels during pathological conditions.[6] VEGF-B plays also an important role on several types of neurons.

Manufacturer: Jonlnbio

C-fos-induced growth factor (FIGF) (or vascular endothelial growth factor D, VEGF-D) is a vascular endothelial growth factor that is encoded by the FIGF gene.The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the platelet-derived growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor (PDGF/VEGF) family and is active in angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and endothelial cell growth. This secreted protein undergoes a complex proteolytic maturation, generating multiple processed forms that bind and activate VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 receptors. The structure and function of this protein is similar to those of vascular endothelial growth factor C.

Manufacturer: Jonlnbio

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP, α-fetoprotein; also sometimes called alpha-1-fetoprotein, alpha-fetoglobulin, or alpha fetal protein) is a protein that is encoded by the AFP gene. The AFP gene is located on the q arm of chromosome 4 (4q13.3). Maternal AFP serum level is used to screen for Down syndrome, neural tube defects, and other chromosomal abnormalities.AFP is a major plasma protein produced by the yolk sac and the fetal liver during fetal development. It is thought to be the fetal analog of serum albumin. AFP binds to copper, nickel, fatty acids and bilirubinand is found in monomeric, dimeric and trimeric forms.

Manufacturer: Jonlnbio

Angiopoietin-related protein 2 also known as angiopoietin-like protein 2 is a protein that is encoded by the ANGPTL2 gene.Angiopoietin-like protein 2 maintains tissue homeostasis by promoting adaptive inflammation and subsequent tissue reconstruction, whereas an excess of ANGPTL2 activation induced by prolonged stress promotes the breakdown of tissue homeostasis due to chronic inflammation, promoting the development of metabolic diseases. ANGPTL2 has a role also in angiogenesis, in tissue repair, in obesity, in atherosclerotic diseases and finally in carcinogenesis.

Manufacturer: Jonlnbio

Cathepsin B belongs to a family of lysosomal cysteine proteases known as the cysteine cathepsins and plays an important role in intracellular proteolysis. Cathepsin B is encoded by the CTSB gene. Cathepsin B is upregulated in certain cancers, in pre-malignant lesions, and in various other pathological conditions.Cathepsin B may enhance the activity of other proteases, including matrix metalloproteinase, urokinase (serine protease urokinase plasminogen activator), and cathepsin D, and thus it has an essential position for the proteolysis of extracellular matrix components, intercellular communication disruption, and reduced protease inhibitor expression.

Manufacturer: Jonlnbio

Cathepsin D is a protein that is encoded by the CTSD gene. This gene encodes a lysosomal aspartyl protease composed of a protein dimer of disulfide-linked heavy and light chains, both produced from a single protein precursor. Cathepsin D is an aspartic endo-protease that is ubiquitously distributed in lysosomes. The main function of cathepsin D is to degrade proteins and activate precursors of bioactive proteins in pre-lysosomal compartments.This proteinase, which is a member of the peptidase A1 family, has a specificity similar to but narrower than that of pepsin A. Transcription of the CTSD gene is initiated from several sites, including one that is a start site for an estrogen-regulated transcript.

Manufacturer: Jonlnbio

Cathepsin K, abbreviated CTSK, is an enzyme that is encoded by the CTSK gene.The protein encoded by this gene is a cysteine cathepsin, a lysosomal cysteine protease involved in bone remodeling and resorption. This protein, which is a member of the peptidase C1 protein family, is expressed predominantly in osteoclasts.Cathepsin K is a protease, which is defined by its high specificity for kinins, that is involved in bone resorption. The enzyme's ability to catabolize elastin, collagen, and gelatin allows it to break down bone and cartilage. This catabolic activity is also partially responsible for the loss of lung elasticity and recoil in emphysema. Cathepsin K inhibitors show great potential in the treatment of osteoporosis.

Manufacturer: Jonlnbio

The Gal4 transcription factor is a positive regulator of gene expression of galactose-induced genes. This protein represents a large fungal family of transcription factors, Gal4 family, which includes over 50 members in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae e.g. Oaf1, Pip2, Pdr1, Pdr3, Leu3.Gal4 recognizes genes with UASG, an upstream activating sequence, and activates them. In yeast cells, the principal targets are GAL1 (galactokinase), GAL10 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase), and GAL7 (galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase), three enzymes required for galactose metabolism. This binding has also proven useful in constructing the GAL4/UAS system, a technique for controlling expression in insects.

Manufacturer: Jonlnbio

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 (CXCL2) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also called macrophage inflammatory protein 2-alpha (MIP2-alpha), Growth-regulated protein beta (Gro-beta) and Gro oncogene-2 (Gro-2). CXCL2 is 90% identical in amino acid sequence as a related chemokine, CXCL1. This chemokine is secreted by monocytes and macrophages and is chemotactic for polymorphonuclear leukocytes and hematopoietic stem cells.The gene for CXCL2 is located on human chromosome 4 in a cluster of other CXC chemokines.CXCL2 mobilizes cells by interacting with a cell surface chemokine receptor called CXCR2.

Manufacturer: Jonlnbio

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 3 (CXCL3) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also known as GRO3 oncogene (GRO3), GRO protein gamma (GROg) and macrophage inflammatory protein-2-beta (MIP2b). CXCL3 controls migration and adhesion of monocytes and mediates its effects on its target cell by interacting with a cell surface chemokine receptor called CXCR2.

Manufacturer: Jonlnbio

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha, also known as HIF-1-alpha, is a subunit of a heterodimeric transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) that is encoded by the HIF1A gene.The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2019 was awarded for the discovery of HIF.HIF1A is a basic helix-loop-helix PAS domain containing protein, and is considered as the master transcriptional regulator of cellular and developmental response to hypoxia.

Manufacturer: Jonlnbio

Keratin 18 is a type I cytokeratin. It is, together with its filament partner keratin 8, perhaps the most commonly found products of the intermediate filament gene family. They are expressed in single layer epithelial tissues of the body. Mutations in this gene have been linked to cryptogenic cirrhosis. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.Keratin 18 is often used together with keratin 8 and keratin 19 to differentiate cells of epithelial origin from hematopoietic cells in tests that enumerate circulating tumor cells in blood.

Manufacturer: Jonlnbio

Lactoferrin (LF), also known as lactotransferrin (LTF), is a multifunctional protein of the transferrin family. Lactoferrin is a globular glycoprotein with a molecular mass of about 80 kDa that is widely represented in various secretory fluids, such as milk, saliva, tears, and nasal secretions. Lactoferrin is also present in secondary granules of PMNs and is secreted by some acinar cells. Lactoferrin can be purified from milk or produced recombinantly.Lactoferrin is one of the components of the immune system of the body; it has antimicrobial activity (bacteriocide, fungicide) and is part of the innate defense, mainly at mucoses.It is constantly produced and released into saliva, tears, as well as seminal and vaginal fluid.

Manufacturer: Jonlnbio

Oxytocin (OT) is a polypeptide hormone and neuropeptide normally produced by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland. It plays a role in social relationships, reproduction, labor and delivery and during the postpartum period. It acts as a hormone that is released into the bloodstream during sexual activity and childbirth. In either form, oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions and speeds up the labor process. The production and secretion of oxytocin is controlled by a positive feedback mechanism in which its initial release stimulates the production and release of further oxytocin. For example, when oxytocin is released during uterine contractions at the beginning of labor, this stimulates the production and release of more oxytocin and increases the intensity and frequency of contractions. This process increases in intensity and frequency and continues until the triggering activity ceases.

Manufacturer: Jonlnbio

Luteinizing hormone (LH) is a hormone produced by gonadotropic cells in the anterior pituitary gland. The production of LH is regulated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus.LH is a heterodimeric glycoprotein, each monomer unit is a glycoprotein molecule, which is a functional protein composed of an α subunit and a β subunit. Its structure is similar to that of other glycoprotein hormones, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).

Manufacturer: Jonlnbio

Luteinizing hormone (LH) is a hormone produced by gonadotropic cells in the anterior pituitary gland. The production of LH is regulated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus. LH is a heterodimeric glycoprotein, a functional protein consisting of one subunit and one subunit. Its structure is similar to that of other glycoprotein hormones, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), thyrotropin (TSH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).The protein dimer contains 2 glycopeptidic subunits (labeled alpha- and beta- subunits) that are non-covalently associated.

Manufacturer: Jonlnbio

Luteinizing hormone (LH) is a hormone produced by gonadotropic cells in the anterior pituitary gland. The production of LH is regulated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus.LH is a heterodimeric glycoprotein, each monomer unit is a glycoprotein molecule, which is a functional protein composed of an α subunit and a β subunit. Its structure is similar to that of other glycoprotein hormones, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).

Manufacturer: Jonlnbio

Adropin is a protein encoded by the energy homeostasis-associated gene ENHO and is highly conserved across mammals.The biological role of adropin was first described in mice by Andrew Butler's team. They identified it as a protein hormone (hepatokine) secreted from the liver, playing a role in obesity and energy homeostasis. The name "Adropin" is derived from the Latin words "aduro" (to set fire to) and "pinguis" (fat).Adropin is produced in various tissues, including the liver, brain, heart, and gastrointestinal tract.

Manufacturer: Jonlnbio

Neurotensin is a 13 amino acid neuropeptide that is implicated in the regulation of luteinizing hormone and prolactin release and has significant interaction with the dopaminergic system. Neurotensin was first isolated from extracts of bovine hypothalamus based on its ability to cause a visible vasodilation in the exposed cutaneous regions of anesthetized rats.

Manufacturer: Jonlnbio

Peptide YY (PYY), also known as peptide tyrosine tyrosine, is a peptide that in humans is encoded by the PYY gene.Peptide YY is a short (36-amino acid) peptide released from cells in the ileum and colon in response to feeding. In the blood, gut, and other elements of periphery, PYY acts to reduce appetite; similarly, when injected directly into the central nervous system, PYY is also anorexigenic, i.e., it reduces appetite.

Manufacturer: Jonlnbio

Angiotensin is a peptide hormone that causes vasoconstriction and an increase in blood pressure. It is part of the renin–angiotensin system, which regulates blood pressure. Angiotensin also stimulates the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex to promote sodium retention by the kidneys.

Manufacturer: Jonlnbio

Angiotensin(1–9) is a peptide of the non-canonical renin-angiotensin system (RAS) synthesized from angiotensin I by the monopeptidase angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2). Several pieces of evidence suggest that Ang–(1–9) is the endogenous ligand that binds and activates the type-2 angiotensin II receptor (AT2R). Activation of AT2R triggers different tissue-specific signaling pathways.

Manufacturer: Jonlnbio

Angiotensin (1-7) is a vasodilator agent affecting cardiovascular organs, such as heart, blood vessels and kidneys, with functions frequently opposed to those attributed to the major effector component of the RAS, angiotensin II (Ang II).evelopment name TXA127).