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Manufacturer: Elabscience

Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) was initially characterized as a growth factor that can support the in vitro colony formation of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors. It is produced by a number of different cell types (including activated T cells; B cells; macrophages; mast cells; endothelial cells and fibroblasts) in response to cytokine of immune and inflammatory stimuli. Besides granulocyte-macrophage progenitors; GM-CSF is also a growth factor for erythroid; megakaryocyte and eosinophil progenitors. On mature hematopoietic; monocytes/ macrophages and eosinophils. GM-CSF has a functional role on non-hematopoitic cells. It can induce human endothelial cells to migrate and proliferate. Additionally; GM-CSF can also stimulate the proliferation of a number of tumor cell lines; including osteogenic sarcoma; carcinoma and adenocarcinoma cell lines.

Manufacturer: Elabscience

Haptoglobin(HP) is a secreted protein which is a member of the peptidase S1 family of serine proteases. As a result of hemolysis; hemoglobin is found to accumulate in the kidney and is secreted in the urine. Haptoglobin captures; and combines with free plasma hemoglobin to allow hepatic recycling of heme iron and to prevent kidney damage. Haptoglobin also acts as an Antimicrobial; Antioxidant has antibacterial activity and plays a role in modulating many aspects of the acute phase response. Hemoglobin/haptoglobin complexes are rapidely cleared by the macrophage CD163 scavenger receptor expressed on the surface of liver Kupfer cells through an endocytic lysosomal degradation pathway. Uncleaved haptoglogin; also known as zonulin; plays a role in intestinal permeability; allowing intercellular tight junction disassembly; and controlling the equilibrium between tolerance and immunity to non-self antigens.

Manufacturer: Elabscience

IFNγ is the major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated lymphocytes. It is structurally different from type I interferon and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of class II histocompatibility antigens in cells that do not normally produce them; leading to autoimmune disease. Interferon gamma is produced mainly byT-cells and natural killer cells activated by antigens; mitogens; or alloantigens. It is produced by lymphocytes expressing the surface antigens CD4 and CD8. IFNγ synthesis is induced by IL-2; FGF-basic; and EGF.

Manufacturer: Elabscience

Interleukin-18 is a secreted protein and it belongs to the IL-1 family. IL-18 is a proinflammatory cytokine and produced by macrophages and other cells. This cytokine can induce the IFN-gamma production of T cells. The combination of this cytokine and IL12 has been shown to inhibit IL-4 dependent IgE and IgG1 production; and enhance IgG2a production of B cells. IL-18 binding protein (IL18BP) can specifically interact with this cytokine; and thus negatively regulate its biological activity. After stimulation with IL-18; natural killer (NK) cells and certain T cells release another important cytokine called interferon-γ (IFN-γ) or type II interferon that plays an important role in activating the macrophages or other cells.

Manufacturer: Elabscience

Interleukin-2(IL-2) is an interleukin; a type of cytokine signaling molecule in the immune system;belongs to the IL-2 family. It is a powerful immunoregulatory lymphokine produced by T-cells in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation. IL-2/IL-2R signaling is required for T-cell proliferation and other fundamental functions that are essential for the immune response. IL-2 stimulates growth and differentiation of B-cells; NK cells; lymphokine-activated killer cells; monocytes; macrophages and oligodendrocytes.

Manufacturer: Elabscience

Mesothelin is a cell surface glycoprotein whose expression is limited to mesothelial cells of the serosa (pleura; pericardium; and peritoneum) and epithelial cells of the trachea; tonsils; fallopian tube; and kidneys. Mesothelin plays an important role in cell survival; proliferation; migration; invasion; tumor progression; and resistance to chemotherapy. The overexpression of mesothelin can activate NF-κB and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3); inhibit apoptotic signaling and TNF-α-induced apoptosis; and accelerate the G1–S transition. Mesothelin is also found overexpressed in various cancers; including malignant mesothelioma; pancreatic or ovarian carcinoma; sarcomas and in some gastrointestinal or pulmonary carcinomas. As a result of its limited expression in normal tissues; mesothelin has been reported as an ideal tumor-associated marker for the development of targeted therapy.

Manufacturer: Elabscience

Parathyroid hormone is the most important endocrine regulator of calcium and phosphorus concentration in extracellular fluid. This hormone is secreted from cells of the parathyroid glands and finds its major target cells in bone and kidney. Another hormone; parathyroid hormone-related protein; binds to the same receptor as parathyroid hormone and has major effects on development. Like most other protein hormones; parathyroid hormone is synthesized as a preprohormone. After intracellular processing; the mature hormone is packaged within the Golgi into secretory vesicles; the secreted into blood by exocytosis. Parathyroid hormone is secreted as a linear protein of 84 amino acids.

Manufacturer: Elabscience

Proteoglycan 3, also known as Eosinophil major basic protein homolog, Prepro-major basic protein homolog, PRG3 and MBPH, contains one C-type lectin domain. Proteoglycans are a major component of the animal extracellular matrix. PRG3 localizes to the eosinophil secondary granule and is expressed in bone marrow, not detected in placenta. PRG3 has similar cytotoxic and cytostimulatory activities to PRG2/MBP. In vitro, PRG3 can stimulate neutrophil superoxide production and IL8 release, histamine and leukotriene C4 release from basophils.

Manufacturer: Elabscience

CD320 antigen is also known as 8D6 antigen,FDC-signaling molecule 8D6,Transcobalamin receptor and 8D6A. It is a single-pass type I membrane protein and containing two LDL-receptor class A domains. CD320 has been recently discovered and reported as a follicular dendritic cell (FDC) protein. CD320 can augments the proliferation of plasma cells precursors generated by IL-10. CD320 also founctions a receptor for the cellular uptake of transcobalamin bound cobalamin. Defects in CD320 are the cause of methylmalonic aciduria type TCblR (MMATC) which is a metabolic disorder.