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Manufacturer: Elabscience

Signal Regulatory Protein α (SIRPα) is a monomeric approximately 90 kD type I transmembrane glycoprotein. The 504 amino acid human SIRPα contains two Ig-like C1-type domains and one Ig-like V-type domain. SIRPα can express in various tissues, mainly on brain and myeloid cells, including macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic and Langerhans cells. It also can detect in neurons, smooth muscle and endothelial cells. SIRPA is an immunoglobulin-like cell surface receptor for CD47. SIRPα acts as docking protein and induces translocation of PTPN6, PTPN11 and other binding partners from the cytosol to the plasma membrane. SIRPα shows adhesion of cerebellar neurons, neurite outgrowth and glial cell attachment. SIRPα engagement generally produces a negative regulatory signal; it may mediate negative regulation of phagocytosis, mast cell activation and dendritic cell activation

Manufacturer: Elabscience

Noggin is a secreted homodimeric glycoprotein that is an antagonist of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). Mature Human Noggin contains an N-terminal acidic region; a central basic heparin-binding segment and a C-terminal cysteine-knot structure. Noggin is very highly conserved among vertebrates; such that mature human Noggin shares 99%; 99%; 98%; 97% and 89? sequence identity with mouse; rat bovine; equine and chicken Noggin; respectively. Secreted Noggin probably remains close to the cell surface due to its binding of heparin-containing proteoglycans. Noggin binds some BMPs such as BMP4 with high affinity and others such as BMP7 with lower affinity. It antagonizes BMP bioactivities by blocking epitopes on BMPs that are needed for binding to both type I and type II receptors. Noggin is expressed in defined areas of the adult central nervous system and peripheral tissues such as lung; skeletal muscle and skin. During culture of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) or neural stem cells under certain conditions; addition of Noggin to antagonize BMP activity may allow stem cells to proliferate while maintaining their undifferentiated state; or alternatively; to differentiate into dopaminergic neurons.

Manufacturer: Elabscience

Human Interleukin 7 (IL-7) is a potent lymphoid cell growth factor stimulating the proliferation of lymphoid progenitors. IL7 can associate with the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) to form a hybrid cytokine that functions as a pre-pro-B cell growth-stimulating factor. Human IL7 cDNA encodes a 177 amino acid precursor protein containing a 25 amino acid signal peptide and a 152 amino acid mature protein. Human and mouse IL7 share 65% sequence identity in the mature region and both exhibit cross-species activity. IL-7 signals via IL-7 receptor (IL7R) activating multiple pathways including JaK/STAT and PI3K/AKT; which regulate lymphocyte survival; glucose uptake; proliferation; and differentiation. IL-7 is also associated with cytoplasmic IL2-R gamma for signal transduction.

Manufacturer: Elabscience

Interleukin-2(IL-2) is an interleukin; a type of cytokine signaling molecule in the immune system;belongs to the IL-2 family. It is a powerful immunoregulatory lymphokine produced by T-cells in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation. IL-2/IL-2R signaling is required for T-cell proliferation and other fundamental functions that are essential for the immune response. IL-2 stimulates growth and differentiation of B-cells; NK cells; lymphokine-activated killer cells; monocytes; macrophages and oligodendrocytes.

Manufacturer: Elabscience

Ezrin is expressed in cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, hippocampus, hypophysis, and optic nerve. The N-terminus of ezrin contains a FERM domain which is further subdivided into three subdomains. The C-terminus contain a ERM domain. As a member of the ERM protein family, Ezrin serves as an intermediate between the plasma membrane and the actin cytoskeleton. It plays a key role in cell surface structure adhesion, migration, and organization. Ezrin probably involved in connections of major cytoskeletal structures to the plasma membrane. The N-terminal FERM domain strongly binds sodium-hydrogen exchanger regulatory factor (NHERF) proteins (involving long-range allostery). The C-terminal binds to actin, phosphatidylinositol bis-phosphate (PIP2) and membrane proteins like CD44 and ICAM-2. In epithelial cells, Ezrin is required for the formation of microvilli and membrane ruffles on the apical pole. Along with PLEKHG6, Ezrin is required for normal macropinocytosis.

Manufacturer: Elabscience

CD26 is a signal-anchor for type II membrane protein that belongs to the peptidase S9B family. CD26 is expressed specifically in lymphatic vessels but not in blood vessels in the skin; small intestine; esophagus; ovary; breast and prostate glands. It acts as a positive regulator of T-cell coactivation; by binding at least ADA; CAV1; IGF2R; and PTPRC. It’s binding to CAV1 and CARD11 induces T-cell proliferation and NF-kappa-B activation in a T-cell receptor/CD3-dependent manner. Its interaction with ADA also regulates lymphocyte-epithelial cell adhesion. In association with FAP is involved in the pericellular proteolysis of the extracellular matrix (ECM); the migration and invasion of endothelial cells into the ECM. It may be involved in the promotion of lymphatic endothelial cells adhesion; migration and tube formation. When overexpressed; it enhanced cell proliferation; a process inhibited by GPC3. It acts also as a serine exopeptidase with a dipeptidyl peptidase activity that regulates various physiological processes by cleaving peptides in the circulation; including many chemokines; mitogenic growth factors; neuropeptides and peptide hormones.

Manufacturer: Elabscience

Activin and inhibin are two closely related protein complexes that have almost directly opposite biological effects. Activins, members of the TGF-beta superfamily, are disulfide-linked dimeric proteins originally purified from gonadal fluids as proteins that stimulated pituitary follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) release. Inhibins/activins are involved in regulating a number of diverse functions such as hypothalamic and pituitary hormone secretion, gonadal hormone secretion, germ cell development and maturation, erythroid differentiation, insulin secretion, nerve cell survival, embryonic axial development or bone growth, depending on their subunit composition. Activins are homodimers or heterodimers of the various beta subunit isoforms, while inhibins are heterodimers of a unique alpha subunit and one of the various beta subunits.

Manufacturer: Elabscience

Interleukin-2, also known as T-cell growth factor, TCGF, Aldesleukin and IL2, is a secreted protein which belongs to the IL-2 family. Interleukin-2 / IL-2 is produced by T-cells in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation, this protein is required for T-cell proliferation and other activities crucial to regulation of the immune response. Interleukin-2 / IL-2 is normally produced by the body during an immune response. Antigen binding to the T cell receptor (TCR) stimulates the secretion of Interleukin-2 / IL-2, and the expression of IL-2 receptors IL-2R. The IL-2 / IL-2R interaction then stimulates the growth, differentiation and survival of antigen-selected cytotoxic T cells via the activation of the expression of specific genes. Interleukin-2 / IL-2 can stimulate B-cells, monocytes, lymphokine-activated killer cells, natural killer cells, and glioma cells. The World Reference Standard for Interleukin-2 / IL-2 is produced by the National Institute of Biological Standards and Control in the UK. A recombinant form of Interleukin-2 / IL-2 for clinical use is manufactured by Chiron Corporation with the brand name Proleukin. It has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of cancers (malignant melanoma, renal cell cancer), and is in clinical trials for the treatment of chronic viral infections, and as a booster (adjuvant) for vaccines. The use of Interleukin-2 / IL-2 in HIV therapy has been found to be ineffective.

Manufacturer: Elabscience

CLEC10A, also known as the macrophage galactose-type calcium-type lectins (MGLs; CD301) constitute a unique class of C-type lectins because of their specificity for galactose and its structural homologues. MGLs/CD301 is a type II transmembrane glycoproteins and is expressed on macrophages and related cells of myeloid origins, particularly immature dendritic cells (DCs). There are 2 homologues: MGL1 and MGL2 (CD301a and CD301b) in mice. MGL1/CD301a induces both the production and secretion of interleukin (IL)-10. MGL1/CD301a plays a protective role against colitis by effectively inducing IL-10 production by colonic lamina propria macrophages in response to invading commensal bacteria.