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Manufacturer: Elabscience

α-Ketoglutaric acid and alanine can be combined with fluorescent probe products under the action of a series of enzymes. The content of α-ketoglutaric acid in samples can be determined by measuring the fluorescence value.

Manufacturer: Elabscience

The probe in this kit has no fluorescence outside the cell. When it enters the cell, it will emit green fluorescence after hydrolysis by the intracellular ester. The fluorescence peaks at excitation wavelength 490 nm and emission wavelength 525 nm, and the fluorescence intensity is proportional to the calcium ion concentration.

Manufacturer: Elabscience

NADP-MDH catalyzes the conversion of malic acid and NADP+ to oxaloacetic acid and NADPH. NADPH makes WST-8 orange under the action of electron coupling agent. The activity of NADP-MDH can be calculated by measuring the change of absorbance value at 450 nm.

Manufacturer: Elabscience

Mitochondrial complex I catalyzes the reaction of NADH with ubiquinone substrate to generate NAD+ and reduced ubiquinone. The activity of mitochondrial complex I can be quantified by measure the change OD value at 340 nm.

Manufacturer: Elabscience

Mitochondrial complex II, also known as succinate-coenzyme Q reductase, is widely found in the mitochondria of animals, plants, microorganisms and cultured cells. It catalyzes the oxidation of succinic acid in the TCA cycle to fumaric acid, which converts the ubiquinone to a reduced form through the basic unit structures of the complex such as iron-sulfur proteins. Coenzyme Q, the catalytic product of mitochondrial complex II, can further reduce 2,6-dichloroindoxol, which has a characteristic absorption peak at 600 nm. Therefore, the activity of mitochondrial complex II can be quantified by measure the change OD value at 600 nm.

Manufacturer: Elabscience

Mitochondrial complex IV, also known as cytochrome C oxidase, is one of the major enzymes in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It oxidizes the reduced cytochrome C converted from mitochondrial complex III to oxidized cytochrome C and consumes oxygen to generate water. Mitochondrial complex IV can catalyze the oxidation of reduced cytochrome C to oxidized cytochrome C, which has an absorption wavelength at 550 nm. Therefore, the activity of mitochondrial complex IV can be quantified by measure the change OD value at 550 nm.

Manufacturer: Elabscience

The fluorescent probe provided in this kit specifically targets mitochondria in living cells, which are oxidized by mitochondrial superoxides to produce bright red fluorescence. The probe excited at 396 nm can specifically detect superoxide of supermitochondria, and the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) can also be detected using the excitation wavelength of 510 nm.

Manufacturer: Elabscience

Ferroptosis inhibitory protein-1(FSP-1) induce non-caspase-dependent apoptosis based on factors such as C-terminal fragment of amino acid series, nuclear translocation and overexpression. Through the FSP1-CoQ10-NAD(P)H pathway and the classical glutathione (GSH)-GPX4 pathway, FSP-1 can protect cells from ferroptosis, and plays a "double-edged sword" role in cell life activities. The detection principle of this kit: FSP-1 catalyzes the substrate reaction to generate NADH, so that its fluorescence value increases under the excitation wavelength of 535 nm and emission wavelength of 587 nm. Adding inhibitors will inhibit the activity of FSP-1 and cause the rate of increase in fluorescence value to decrease, and the activity of FSP-1 can be calculated by measuring the difference value.

Manufacturer: Elabscience

Glycolysis is an important ATP generation pathway in eukaryotic cells. Glycolytic stress testing can directly measure the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) to evaluate the changes of glycolytic process in living cells, and can obtain key parameters for a comprehensive assessment of glycolytic pathway, including: glycolysis, glycolytic capacity, glycolytic reserve and non-glycolytic acidification. This kit uses 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) and oligomycin to facilitate in-depth analysis of cellular glycolytic flux: 2-DG quantifies nonglycolytic extracellular acidification (ECA) by blocking glycolysis through competitive hexokinase inhibition; Oligomycin inhibits ATP synthetase and therefore prevents aerobic ATP production, forcing the cell to increase glycolytic flux to meet ATP demand. Such compensatory glycolysis levels achievable under the test conditions could reveal glycolytic perturbations that are not apparent under basal conditions and help assess glycolytic capacity with limited ATP demand.